The community economy in northeast of China

Administrative division

Liaoning province, Jilin province, Heilongjiang province plus Hulun Buir League, Xing'an League, Jirem League(Tongliao county), Chifeng county of eastern part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region lie in the northeast area. There were 75 counties in Northeast of China by 1990, including 31 prefecture-level cities and 44 county-level cities, and 20 of all counties which are located in Liaoning province(14 prefecture-level cities), 22 of them located in Jilin province(6 prefecture-level cities), 25 of them situated in Heilongjiang province(10 prefecture-level cities), 8 of them in the Four East League of Inner Mongolia(one prefecture-level city).

Population and land resources

Statistics in 1990 showed that the population of Northeast of China is 110 million people with a population density of 89 person every hectare, 68.2 million more than 41.82 million in the beginning of the establishment of People's Republic of China in 1949. The growth rate of population is 1.023% from 1949 to 1990, 1.01 % from 1980 to 1990. Liaoning Province has a population of 39.17 million, accounting for the most proportion of 35.8% in the total number of this area. The second is Heilongjiang province with 31.8% proportion, 34.88 million people. Jilin province is 22.3% proportion, 24.4 million people, as for Four East League of Inner Mongolia comes as 10% and 11 million people.

Table.1 The cuitivated land and population in Northeast China

Because of the later development of social and economy in Northeast China than areas inside Shanhaiguan Pass, in 1990 of the late Qing Dynasty, the population was 16.83 million, until the Japanese puppet regime, the population increased to 31 million. The growing population, land reclamation, disafforest, road restruction, industrial development and the predatory policy in Japanese puppet regime have posed various threats to natural environment. Till 1990, there were six big cities with a population of more than one million, nine cities with a population from 500000 to 1000000, which were sitten on the banks of rivers with menace of floods.

Distribution of population in Northeast of China is quite uneven, dense in eastern and southern parts while sparse in western and northern parts. In southeast of Northeast China, Jilin province and Liaoning province makes up a quarter of the whole area with three fifths population, Heilongjiang province and Four East League of Inner Mongolia in the northwest of this area, has three quarters of acreage with only two fifths people. Northeast China is a multi-ethnic area in China, including 48 minorities such as Manchu, Mongolian nationality, the Hui nationality, Chaoxian nationality, Siberia nationality, the Oroqen nationality and Han, China’s main nationality taking up 91.5% of the whole population.

Agricultural acreage in Northeast China in 1990 was 18850000 hectares, 15% of gross land, and every person takes up 2.56 mu, every agricultural account person takes up 4.34 mu according to 65 million agricultural population.

Compared with 1951, agricultural acreage has increased by 1520000 hectares in 1990, Heilongjiang province has increased by 2790000 hectares in particular, while that even declined in Jilin and Liaoning province.

Agricultural acreage in Jilin and Liaoning province has been occupied and decreased indicated in the chart. While in Heilongjiang province and Four East League of Inner Mongolia enjoyed an increasing agricultural acreage, particularly, the agricultural acreage in Heilongjiang provence elevated 46% of its total area, which indicated the growing agricultural acreage.

The proportion of agricultural acreage in Northeast China made up almost 17% to 19% to gross level, which was 17.1 % from 1951 to 1960 and increased to 19.6 % from 1981 to 1990.

The information is provided by Disaster Risk Reduction Knowledge Service.