Northeast China has an outstanding farming output. Vast Songliao Plain and Sanjiang Plain with black soil are fitful places for agriculture, mainly producing grain crops and being a commodity grain base. There are 35 commodity grain base counties with 4600000 square kilometers of agricultural acreage, and then comes to cash crops and oil-bearing plants. The production of corn makes up almost one third of the total grain output, next are wheat, rice, sorghum and millet. As for oil plants, production of soy plays the primary role followed by sunflower seeds. Beet is the main cash plants. Among 18.85 million hectares' farmland, about 92% of which, that is to see, 17.3 million hectares are planted grains, with an yield of 66.2 billion kilograms, four times than what it was in the beginning of People's Republic of China in 1949,14.3 billion kgs. While, China's per capita grain possession was just 602kilograms, and the grain yield per unit area came as 258 kilograms in 1990, which was still at a low level.
Irrigation area has been expended from the early days of PRC to 1990, and real irrigation area reached to 2890000 square kilometers in 1990, with 1880000 square kilometers' peddy field. The rate of irrigation was only 19.5% In 1990, far less than the half of national average level. There are 566 irrigation areas more than 1000 mu in Northeast China in 1990, during which, 6 irrigation districts has more than 300000 mu, two of them lies in Liaoning province, two of them in East Four League of Inner Mongolia, one of them in Jilin province, and one of them in Heilongjiang province. From 1950s to 1960s, paddy field irrigation played the most important role and then was replaced by dry field irrigation, especially in the Jirem League. The irrigation degree making good use of runoff water and groundwater has developed rapidly, with the irrigation rate serving as 46%. There had been 314000 electromechanical wells by 1990 in Northeast China and Liaoning province, Heilongjiang province and Four East League of Inner Mongolia, the number of electromechanical wells had been 80000 to 90000. The quantity of irrigation and drainage machinery was 330000 with 4560000 kilowatts and 18212 irrigation and drainage stations.
Northeast China has been called Forest and Prairie, Daxinganling, Xiaoxinganling, Changbai mountain and Mudanjiang mountains are the main forest base, with a total area of 57.3 million hectares and 49% of the gross country, one third for timber reserves and 45% of the country for timber yield. In the north area, Daxinganling mountains occupying 22.1 million square kilometers is one of the biggest primitive areas of whole state, taking up 11.7% of total forest area in China, coming as 870 million steres for timber reserves. Yilin district of Xiaoxinganling is the most important commercial forest base in China.
In recent years, protective forest belt built in western of Northeast China has palyed a significant role in protecting storm from farming.
Table.1 Meadow distribution in Northeast China
| Area | Native pasture(million hm2) | |
|---|---|---|
| Total area | Available area | |
| Hulun Buir League | 79 | 72 |
| Xing'an League | 29.2 | 25.1 |
| Jirem League | 42.4 | 34.4 |
| Chifeng City | 54.1 | 38.1 |
Grassland area is 29.6 million hectares in Northeast China, taking up 23.9% of total land of this area, and 9.3% of national land area, and most of them are in weatern Hunlunbuir Pasture Land and Horqin Grassland with grass large quantity and high quality, which is suitable for breeding cattle. Sheep and some other animals and is an ideal national grassland with such a good carrying capacity.
There were almost 13.05 million livestocksi in 1985, in particular, the number of cattle increased to 71.9 million. While, stockbreeding in Northeast China was still living at the mercy of elements and with the shortage of grass in Spring and Winter in drought year, it was quite instability for livestock development.
In addition, the long shoreline in south of Northeast of China, started from Yalu River in Liaoning province western run to Laolongtou of Shanhai Pass, lasting 2100 kilometers and taking up 12% of the total coastline of China. And there are 506 offshore islands, 8% of national level, covering 150 thousand kilometers area, serving as the treasure places for mariculture.
The information is provided by Disaster Risk Reduction Knowledge Service.
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