Practice shows that satellite remote sensing can play a good role in reducing disaster losses, including casualties and property losses. However, the difficulty of data acquisition varies among countries, resulting in the inability to use this advanced technology for disaster relief in some areas, resulting in huge casualties. Therefore, countries should strengthen international cooperation so that satellite resources can share data through commercial or non-commercial means (such as assistance) when some major disasters come. At the same time, countries should strengthen the construction of ground receiving and processing facilities in order to quickly receive, process and extract disaster information and provide disaster relief services in time.
The research on flood disaster and forest fire in China is relatively mature, has a mature technical route and has been tested by practice for many times. However, in terms of specific applications, developed countries are deeper than China. For example, in emergency disaster relief, foreign countries will use a variety of data sources: Earth Observation Satellite and meteorological satellite data; High resolution, medium and low resolution data; Optical and radar satellite data; High tech equipment such as positioning system and communication satellite will also be used for aviation and aerospace data. They have the characteristics of fast response speed and high efficiency, which is more in line with the characteristics of emergency disaster relief.
Due to the serious sandstorm and desertification in China, the research is relatively in-depth.
At present, the main applications of satellite remote sensing are also focused on post disaster assessment and emergency response. There are few applications of disaster prediction. Moreover, due to the difficulty in obtaining high-resolution data and the insufficient scale of spatial information, it can only provide reference for macro disaster relief and disaster assessment.
Meteorological satellite data are widely and deeply used because of their convenient acquisition, low price and high time resolution.
The lack of close links between data providers and business users limits the ability of space technology to play its due role.
With the increase of the number of satellites, the improvement of geometric and spectral resolution, and the development of GPS and communication satellites, countries are more and more enthusiastic about using space technology for disaster prevention and mitigation, especially in emergency response and post disaster reconstruction.
Monitoring cases
Recently, it was learned from the Bureau of surveying, mapping and geographic information of Shanxi province that the remote sensing monitoring command system project of sudden geological disasters in Shanxi Province has passed the acceptance of experts. In the future, high and new technologies such as UAV low altitude remote sensing, satellite communication and geographic information service will be used in the prevention and management of geological disasters.
Shanxi Province has many mountains and hills, the geological environment is fragile, and the area prone to geological disasters is large. According to forecasts by the Meteorological Department, in the early part of this century, climate change tends to be active, extreme weather events increase, and landslides, collapses, mudslides, and ground fissures caused by heavy rainfall will intensify. Under such natural conditions, geological disasters will show a long-term high-incidence trend. In addition, geological disasters caused by man-made engineering activities are also on the rise.
In order to improve rapid disaster assessment and emergency response capabilities, the Provincial Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information Bureau has decided to use high-tech technologies such as UAV low-altitude remote sensing, satellite communications, geographic information services, etc. Disaster emergency monitoring provides fast, efficient and accurate surveying and mapping guarantee services. The project applied UAV remote sensing technology to the province's geological disaster monitoring for the first time, and completed the construction of a 1:2000 scale remote sensing image background database for key geological disasters in 36 survey areas of about 2500 square kilometers. With the ability to complete the acquisition, processing and output of UAV aerial photographs of sudden geological disasters within 3 hours, disaster investigation and loss assessment are faster, and the disaster data provided are more objective and accurate.
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