The Selenge River is a trans-boundary river flowing northeastwards through Mongolia and into Russia. Its origins are in the mountainous regions of Mongolia, and its largest tributary there is the Orkhon River. The Selenge River is the main tributary of Lake Baikal, the largest freshwater lake in the world, found in southern Siberia near Russia’s border with Mongolia.
Habitat
Across the entire span of the Selenge River Basin are crisscrossed three distinct vegetation types in Mongolia and Russia. These are boreal, forest-steppe, and steppe, according to the Institute of General and Experimental Biology Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberia.The delta is itself a vibrant habitat, with over 170 bird species therein, many of which migratory. As a vital wetland, it’s been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage and a Ramsar Convention on Wetlands site. There are also 70 rare or endangered plants and animal species living there according to Geoscience News and Information. The Selenge Delta is also a fish nursery and migratory route stop for many fish, some of which are fished commercially. These include Graylings, Cisco, and the rare Baikal sturgeons. The Selenge River Delta is the largest river in the Lake Baikal catchment area according to RAMSAR.
Modern Significance
The Selenge River Basin occupies 19.2 percent of Mongolia’s land area, according to the Korean Environment Institute. Hence, it’s a vital water resource to the country. Its waters are used for agricultural irrigation, household water supply, mining, recreation, tourism, and transportation. Tourists also love to visit the Selenge River and Lake Baikal. Expeditions and other activities available there include boat rides to explore the delta and its wetlands, kayaking, rafting, and birdwatching in the delta. Tourists also are afforded the opportunity to marvel at the picturesque river formations within the delta as they approach Lake Baikal. These formations appear like a multi-branch fan sprawled about the Selenge Delta.
Nomadic Camp
On Selenge’s western bank, you can witness the traditional life of local nomadic tribes. Not far away from the river, several frame yurts stand covered with snow-white felt. Around them, life is in full swing: horses neigh and snort, dogs bark, voices ring. Behind a small fence, several two-humped camels are standing calmly, a flock of sheep is grazing freely in the distance, and a steppe eagle is soaring in the sky. This enjoyable glimpse of a traditional lifestyle will be a great addition to your main goal here — fishing!
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