1.Collection, editing and processing of spatial data
GIS not only has the data collection and editing capabilities of general database systems, but also can store various completed thematic maps with the support of computer software and hardware. GIS software provides a powerful data conversion function, which can input data from CAD, text, relational database and other forms. Remote sensing data has become an important data source of GIS, and the global positioning system (GPS) is also a way of collecting geographic data.
2.Management of spatial data
Geographic information database is the core of GIS. It can manage huge geographic graphics and text data, and can be converted with other database management systems to realize the sharing of database resources.
3.Spatial query and spatial analysis
It is able to obtain derived information and new knowledge from the spatial relationship between entity graphic data and attribute data around the overall goal to answer users’ queries about spatial relationships and perform spatial analysis.
4.Graphics processing and drawing
It can draw all-element maps or draw various thematic maps hierarchically according to the requirements of different users. Due to its strong ability of multi-level frame overlay analysis, it can also obtain some special maps for geoscience analysis through spatial analysis.
5.Various output and transformation of analysis results
In order to facilitate the analysis, correction and evaluation of the results by users, GIS can output the results of spatial query and spatial analysis in a variety of forms such as mathematical tables or into two- and three-dimensional graphics, and the output range is quite wide.
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