The online map of disaster distribution of 6.5 magnitude earthquake in Yunnan's Ludian on August 3, 2014 is from the Atlas of natural disasters in China in 2014, the book is edited by the National Disaster Reduction Commission Office, the Disaster relief Department of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the National Disaster Reduction Center of Ministry of Civil Affairs, and is published by China Map Publishing House. The scale of this map is 1:60000000.
Online map of disaster distribution of 6.5 magnitude earthquake in Yunnan's Ludian on August 3, 2014
General situation of disaster:
At 16:30 on August 3, an earthquake of magnitude 6.5 occurred in Ludian County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province (27.1 degrees north latitude and 103.3 degrees east longitude), with the focal depth of 12 km, the disaster affected 1.165 million people in Yunnan, Sichuan and Zhuzhou provinces, 617 people died, 112 people were missing, 3143 people were injured and 327000 people were urgently transferred and resettled; 210000 rural houses collapsed or seriously damaged, 261000 workers were damaged, and the direct economic loss was 20.14 billion yuan. Among them, 1.138 million people were affected in Ludian County, Qiaojia county, Zhaoyang District, Shanxian County and Huize County of Qujing City, Yunnan Province, 617 people died, 112 people were missing, 318000 people were urgently transferred and resettled; 208000 rural houses collapsed or seriously damaged (86000 collapsed), 252000 were in general damage; direct economic loss was 19.85 billion yuan.
The earthquake disaster has the following characteristics:
1.The earthquake energy is released in a short time, which is destructive
This earthquake is the largest one in Ludian area since it has been recorded in history, the release rate of seismic energy is relatively fast, according to the main shock record collected by the Yunnan Seismological Bureau in Longtoushan Town, the extreme earthquake area, the earthquake lasted 11 seconds and was effective. It took just over 6 seconds. The concentrated release of energy in a short period of time caused great damage. The epicenter's surface vibration level was comparable to that of the 2013 Lushan magnitude 7.0 earthquake, and the extreme earthquake zone had an intensity of IX, far exceeding the local fortification intensity level of Ⅷ.
2.High local population density, the poor anti-seismic performance of buildings, and heavy casualties
The earthquake caused a total of 617 deaths and 112 missing, a large number of urban and rural houses collapsed, and infrastructure such as transportation and communications, and public service facilities such as schools and medical and health institutions were severely damaged. Except for strong earthquakes that caused the extreme earthquake area to exceed the fortified intensity, the disaster area has steep terrain, poor surface stability, and high average population density (approximately 265 people per square kilometer, more than twice the average population density of the province), houses and roads poor seismic performance and high vulnerability of infrastructure are also important reasons for heavy casualties.
3.The geological conditions are complex and secondary disasters occur frequently, which aggravate the disaster losses
The disaster area is located in the Wumeng Mountain area, with high mountains and deep valleys, mostly composed of broken limestone and basalt. Active faults are densely developed, the mountains are broken and loose, and the terrain is rugged and uneven. "Frequency" feature. In addition, a large number of villages are located in steep slopes and valleys with extremely unstable geological environment, and villages along the earthquake-producing fault zone are particularly densely distributed, the large number of secondary geological disasters caused by the earthquake has further increased the casualties and property losses.
4.The economic and social development in the disaster area is underdeveloped, so it is difficult to recover and rebuild
The disaster area is a special poverty-stricken area, an ethnic minority gathering area and an old revolutionary base area. The local finance is very difficult and the ability of self-help is weak. Five disaster stricken counties (districts), including Ludian County, Qiaojia county, Zhaoyang District, Yongshan County and Huize County of Qujing City in Yunnan Province, achieved local public financial revenue of 2.62 billion yuan in 2013, less than 1% of the whole province, and the proportion of rural population was more than 75%. Due to poor traffic conditions and low road grade in the severely hit areas, it is difficult to transfer large-scale rescue equipment and materials for disaster relief and recovery and reconstruction.
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