Global climate，earthquakes and other disasters of volcanoes

(4)Global climate

Volcanic ash and gases erupted during volcanic eruptions have a great impact on climate. The carbon compounds produced by volcanic activity will strengthen the greenhouse effect in a short period of time, resulting in rising temperatures. For example, the 1991 Pinatubo volcano eruption caused the global atmospheric temperature to rise by 0.5 degrees. Under these conditions, dark days, strong winds, heavy rain and even mud rain can plague local residents for months. Ash and volcanic gases are spewed into the air, and they spread far away in the wind. The volcanic materials block out the sunlight and cause the temperature to drop. In addition, they filter out certain wavelengths of light, making the sun and moon look like a layer of halo, or exotic color, especially at sunrise and sunset can form a strange natural landscape.

Secondly, according to the duration of volcanic eruption, volcanic ash may form a new dust layer in the atmosphere and spread widely, this new layer will reflect solar radiation, raising stratospheric temperature and cooling the atmospheric temperature below the dust layer. In addition, the sulfides produced by volcanic ash are susceptible to solar radiation and may be difficult to dissipate within two years after the volcanic eruption.

European nuclear energy agency (ENEA) reviewed the historical data on the impact of volcanic eruptions on climate change, pointing out that in terms of atmospheric warming, although there are few historical data on surface temperature changes, some cases are very prominent, for example, the volcanic eruption of Brattain in the Indian Ocean in 1815 made Indonesia a "summer-free country" in 1816.

(5) Other disasters

Earthquakes and other disasters.

Change the earth's appearance and form surface morphologies such as lava plateau, volcanic cone, volcanic graben and volcanic structural depression; spew out carbonic acid gas, volcanic ash and other gases, alter atmospheric composition and affect atmospheric activity. Volcanic eruptions may also trigger fires. For example, on March 14, 2011, the eruption of Kilauea volcano in Hawaii caused a fire over an area of 30 hm2.