Schistosomiasis is also known as Schistosomiasis. A flat animal that is parasitic in the host vein. There are many types of schistosomiasis that are parasitic in the human body. There are three main types, namely Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum. In addition, in some local areas there are cases of parasitic schistosomiasis, schistosomiasis and schistosomiasis parasitic in the human body.
Distribution: There are schistosomiasis epidemics in 76 countries and regions around the world. Among them, Schistosoma japonicum is mainly found in mainland China, Japan, Taiwan, East Indies and the Philippines.
Source of infection: Schistosomiasis japonica is a zoonotic parasitic disease, and its terminal host has a variety of livestock and wild animals in addition to humans. In China, there are 9 species of cattle, dogs, and pigs that naturally infect Japanese schistosomiasis: 31 species of wild animals include brown rat, hare, and wild boar. Due to the wide variety and wide distribution of savings hosts, the prevention and treatment work is more difficult. In epidemiology, patients and sick cattle are important sources of infection.
Transmission route: In all aspects of the transmission route, the fecal contamination of water sources containing schistosomiasis eggs, the presence of snails and the exposure of people to infected water are three important links. The way in which manure contaminates water is closely related to local agricultural production methods, residents' living habits and livestock management.
Susceptible population: Humans are susceptible to Schistosoma japonicum regardless of gender, age and ethnicity. In most endemic areas, the age-infected rate usually rises to a peak at 11 to 20 years old and then declines.
The prevalence factors of schistosomiasis include both natural and social factors. There are many natural factors, mainly affecting the life history of schistosomiasis and the natural conditions of snails, such as geographical environment, temperature, rainfall, water quality, and soil. Social factors refer to the political, economic, cultural, production activities, living habits, etc. that affect the schistosomiasis epidemic. Environmental health, cultural quality, economic level, lifestyle and behavior of the population directly affect the prevalence of schistosomiasis: especially Social systems, health conditions and universal health care systems are all important for the prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis.
Schistosomiasis is the most important parasitic disease that jeopardizes the health of the people. In addition to humans, schistosomiasis also invades other vertebrates, such as livestock and rats. In China, the fact that schistosomiasis eggs were detected from the ancient corpses of Jianghan in Jiangling, Hubei Province, indicates that schistosomiasis has existed in China for at least 2,100 years. In the early days of liberation, there were about 10 million patients nationwide, 100 million people were threatened with infection, and 13 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) had a distribution of blood-sucking diseases. After the founding of New China, a large-scale mass prevention and control work on schistosomiasis has been carried out, and great achievements have been made. At present, the epidemic trend of schistosomiasis in China is that the epidemic situation in the basic control areas and monitoring areas is still stable, and the rebound of uncontrolled areas has been basically curbed. It started to decline. The schistosomiasis prevention and control strategy has undergone a transition process from comprehensive prevention and control of snail-killing to snail-killing in combination with chemotherapy. There is still a lot of work to be done to control and eliminate schistosomiasis. The task is quite arduous. There are still some theoretical and technical issues that need further research and resolution.
The epidemic of schistosomiasis in China is serious, widespread, and complicated. According to decades of prevention and treatment practices and scientific research, the prevention and control strategies and measures for prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis in China are formulated, and the prevention and control of schistosomiasis should be adapted to local conditions, comprehensive management, and science. Guidelines for prevention and treatment. Specific measures include: treating patients, sick cows, and eliminating sources of infection: controlling and eliminating snails: strengthening manure management and doing personal protection. In addition, it is important to strengthen publicity and education, especially for the health education of vulnerable people, and to guide people's behaviors, habits and labor methods to the track of self-care.
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