Smallpox is popular in China, which can be traced back to the first century AD. During the war, smallpox was brought to China from India via Vietnam by captives, so smallpox was also called "captive sore" in ancient China. Ge Hong of Jin Dynasty described the symptoms and prevalence of smallpox for the first time in his book "the urgent prescription for elbow reserve". Later, there were records of smallpox prevalence in Chinese ancient books.
Historically, smallpox became more and more popular in China after the Tang and Song Dynasties, and it became more popular after the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Shunzhi died of smallpox infection in the Qing Dynasty. Emperor Kangxi did not dare to meet his father to avoid smallpox infection.
In the face of the serious threat of smallpox, the Chinese people began to explore early ways to prevent and control smallpox.
Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty, according to the principle of using poison to fight against poison, extracted the pus from smallpox patients' sores and applied it to the skin to prevent smallpox. It is said that in the Song Dynasty , Wang Dan, the prime minister, had several children and died of smallpox. Wang Dan got another son, named Wang Su. In order to make Wang Su escape smallpox, he asked folk doctors in Emei Mountain, Sichuan Province to vaccinate his son Wang Su. On the 7th day after vaccination, Wang Su had fever all over the body, and 12 days later, the acne had scabbed. In fact, vaccination method of human pox was mature in Tang Dynasty, and it had been carried out in Sichuan and Henan, but it was mainly used in folk secret and not widely. After the Ming Dynasty, vaccination against human pox became popular. From Song Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, a large number of Monographs on vaccinia appeared, with a large number of them. In the works of traditional Chinese medicine, there is no comparison with them except typhoid fever. In the Qing Dynasty, the promotion of human pox law also benefited from the promotion of Emperor Kangxi. He first advocated vaccinating the royal family with human pox, and then promoting it to the 49 flags outside. Emperor Kangxi ordered that vaccination of human pox be popularized in a wider range. In 1742, in the large-scale medical series "Yizong Jinjian · the gist of young family's pox heart method" written by the Qing government, four kinds of pox methods were introduced, among which water seedling method was the best, dry seedling method was the second, pox oar method was the most dangerous.
Vaccination against smallpox in China has played a preventive role in preventing the spread of smallpox in China, which was highly praised by Voltaire, a French philosopher. "I heard that for 100 years, the Chinese people have been a habit This is a great precedent and an example for a nation considered to be the smartest and most polite in the world. " The preventive effect of vaccination against human pox not only benefits the Chinese people, but also attracts the attention and imitation of other countries. In 1688, Russia first sent people to China to study pox medicine, which is the first country in the literature to send students to study pox in China. In 1744, Li Renshan, a Chinese doctor, arrived in Nagasaki, Japan, to bring the vaccination of Chinese people's pox to Japan for the first time. In 1763, in the letter of Li mu'an, a Korean, China's vaccination against human pox was recorded. In 1790, North Korea sent envoys Pu Zhai's family and Pu Lingyang to the capital of China. When they returned to China, they took away the large medical series "Jin Jian of the imperial medical school", in which "the gist of the heart method of vaccinating in pediatrics" introduced the methods and precautions of vaccinating. Later, the family of Puzhai appointed a village official to test the method in the book and succeeded.
The silk road is China's main road of communication with the world, and Chinese medicine has been spread to the Arab region for a long time. Vaccination of human pox was first introduced to Arabia and then to Turkey. In 1721, Madame Montagu, the British minister in Turkey, learned how to breed human pox in Constantinople, and brought this method back to Britain. Later, the vaccination method of human pox spread from Britain to the European continent, even across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. In the second half of the 18th century, vaccinations against human pox were widely carried out in the above areas, and even there were doctors who specialized in vaccination against human pox (not all of them were doctors at that time).
In the course of human conquering smallpox, the inoculation method of human smallpox invented by China and the inoculation method of cowpox invented by Jenner all played a role in eliminating smallpox. Especially after vaccination, the incidence of smallpox decreased significantly. After the 1970s, smallpox stopped spreading in China. In the 1980s, smallpox was eliminated all over the world. This is the only infectious disease that has been eradicated by human beings so far.
Comment list ( 0 )
