AIDS, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (translated: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), the English abbreviation AIDS (AcquiredImmune Deficiency Syndrome) transliteration. First injected and confirmed in the United States in 1981. Divided into two types: HIV-1 and HIV-2, which are infectious diseases caused by human infection with "human immunodeficiency virus" (also known as HIV). AIDS is a zoonotic disease known as the "plague of the post-historic century", also known as "super cancer" and "century killer."
Causes of disease: HIV is a virus that attacks the body's immune system. It targets the most important T4 lymphoid tissue in the human immune system, destroying T4 lymphoid tissue in large numbers and producing highly lethal internal failure. The virus spreads throughout the region, destroying the immune balance of the human body and making the human body a carrier of various diseases. HIV itself does not cause any disease, but when the immune system is destroyed by HIV, the human body loses the opportunity to replicate immune cells due to low resistance, and infects other diseases, causing various diseases to co-infect and die. The incubation period of HIV in the human body averages 9 to 10 years. Before developing into AIDS patients, the appearance of the patients looks normal. They can live and work without any symptoms for many years.
Origins of development: Scientific research has found that AIDS was first spread in West Africa. A charity organization has donated a batch of vaccines for a certain epidemic to a certain country in Africa, but they do not know that chimpanzees used for vaccines carry HIV. AIDS originated in Africa and was later brought to the United States by immigrants. On June 5, 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Atlanta in the United States briefly introduced the history of five AIDS patients in the Incidence and Mortality Weekly. This is the first official record of AIDS in the world. In 1982, the disease was named "AIDS." Soon after, AIDS quickly spread to all continents. In 1985, a foreign youth who traveled to China died of AIDS soon after living in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. This is the first time that AIDS has been discovered in China.
The clinical symptoms of AIDS are various. Generally, the initial symptoms are like cold, flu, general fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, weight loss. As the condition worsens, the symptoms increase day by day, such as Candida albicans infection in skin and mucous membranes. , herpes simplex, herpes zoster, purple spot, hematoma, blood blisters, stagnation, skin easily damaged, bleeding after injury, etc.: gradually invade the internal organs, and continue to have unexplained persistent fever, up to 3-4 Months: cough, shortness of breath, persistent diarrhea, blood in the stool, hepatosplenomegaly, malignant tumors, and difficulty breathing. Due to the complex and variable symptoms, not all of the above symptoms are present in each patient, and one or two or more symptoms are common. According to the damaged organ, dyspnea, chest pain, cough, etc. often occur when invading the lungs: if the gastrointestinal invasion can cause persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, etc., such as vascular thrombotic endocarditis caused by invasion of blood vessels, Thrombocytopenic cerebral hemorrhage.
①General symptoms: persistent fever, weakness, night sweats, superficial lymph nodes, body weight loss within 3 months can reach more than 10%, up to 40%, the patient is particularly thin.
②Respiratory symptoms: long-term cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, severe bloody sputum.
③Digestive tract symptoms: loss of appetite, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blood in the stool when severe. Drugs commonly used to treat digestive tract infections are ineffective for this type of diarrhea.
④Nervous system symptoms: dizziness, headache, slow response, mental decline, mental disorders, convulsions, hemiplegia, dementia.
⑤Skin and mucosal damage: diffuse papules, herpes zoster, oral and pharyngeal mucosal inflammation and ulceration.
⑥Tumors: A variety of malignant tumors can be seen. Kaposi's sarcoma on the surface of the body can be seen with red or purple-red cantharidin, papules and infiltrative masses.
Characteristics of clinical symptoms: The incidence is more young and middle-aged, 80% of the age of onset is 18 to 45 years old, that is, the age group with more active sex: often suffer from rare diseases such as pneumocystis pneumonia, toxoplasma after infection with AIDS Disease, atypical mycobacteria and fungal infections, etc.: continued extensive generalized lymphadenopathy. In particular, the neck, axilla, and inguinal lymph nodes are more pronounced. Lymph nodes are more than 1cm in diameter, solid in texture, movable, no pain: complicated with malignant tumors, such as Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma and other malignant tumors: central nervous system symptoms. About 30% of AIDS cases have headaches, disturbances of consciousness, dementia, convulsions, etc., often leading to serious consequences.
Route of transmission: AIDS infection is mainly spread through sexual behavior and exchange of body fluids. Mainly include: sexual communication, blood transmission, sharing of needles, mother-to-child transmission and new ways that may be discovered. Body fluids are mainly found in semen, blood, vaginal secretions, milk, cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue in patients with neurological symptoms. Although AIDS is terrible, the virus is not very powerful, it will not spread through our daily activities, that is, we will not kiss, shake hands, hug, share meals, share office supplies, share toilets. Infected by swimming pools, shared telephones, sneezing, etc., even those who are infected with the virus or AIDS are generally not infected.
AIDS has seriously threatened the survival of mankind and has attracted the attention of the World Health Organization and governments. The spread of AIDS worldwide is becoming more and more rapid, seriously threatening human health and social development, and has become the fourth biggest threat to human health. UNAIDS announced on May 30, 2006 that since the first confirmation of AIDS in June 1981, 65 million people worldwide have been infected with HIV in 25 years, of which 2.5 million have died.
Although many medical researchers around the world have made great efforts, no specific drugs have been developed to cure AIDS, and there is no effective vaccine for prevention. At present, this "super cancer" with a mortality rate of almost 100% has been listed as a Class B legal infectious disease in China, and is listed as one of the frontier health surveillance infectious diseases. Therefore, we call it "super terminal illness."
There is currently no effective vaccine against AIDS, so the most important thing is to take preventive measures. The method is:
①Adhere to self-love, not prostitution, jealousy, avoid premarital, extramarital sex.
②Do not take drugs or share syringes with others.
③Do not voluntarily transfuse blood and use blood products, and use them under the guidance of a doctor.
④ Do not borrow or share personal items such as toothbrushes, razors, and razors.
⑤ HIV-infected women avoid pregnancy and breastfeeding.
⑥The use of condoms is one of the most effective measures to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS in sexual life.
⑦ Avoid direct contact with blood, semen, milk and urine of AIDS patients, and cut off the route of transmission.
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