Plague of rats，refers to the harm caused by rats to agricultural production. Rats are Mam-Malia rodents, with more than 1,600 species. Rat breeding times, short pregnancy, high rate of birth, rapid sexual maturity, the number can be increased dramatically in a short period of time. It is very adaptable, in addition to the Antarctic continent, in all parts of the world on the ground, underground, trees, water can survive, regardless of the plains, mountains, forests, grasslands or desert areas have its traces, often on agricultural production caused great disasters.
Rats not only spoil food, destroy grasslands and endanger trees, but also spread disease and endanger human health. The occurrence of rat disease in China is wide area, many kinds and great harm, which causes seriou s losses to agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. Rat harm is mainly manifested in the following three aspects.
(1) Rats in agriculture are omnivorous animals, and crops may suffer from them from planting to harvesting and in the process of agricultural product storage. Rats are mostly active in the morning, some eat seeds and green seedlings, such as everyone rats, social rats, weasel rats, small domestic mice, black-line hamsters and rats and so on: some to plant roots, stems for food, such as moles and mole-shaped field mice: some rats like food grain and oil crop seeds, such as small domestic rats, black-line rats and chest rats. The damage caused by agricultural rodents around the world is equivalent to about 20 per cent of the world's grain.
(2) Forestry is mainly eating harmful tree species, gnawing into trees, young saplings, damage the root system of seedlings, thus affecting solid sand tree planting, forest renewal and greening environment. The main rats in the forestry are red-backed rats, brown-backed rats, flower rats, squirrels and lingua-nin rats.
(3) The livestock industry is mainly a large number of gnawing grass, resulting in the degradation of grasslands, the decline of livestock, the area of grasslands reduced. Sand soil area is often caused by the destruction of vegetation by rats to desertification of soil: the excavation activities of rodents will also accelerate soil wind erosion, seriously affecting the development of the pastoral industry and grassland construction. The main rodents in the animal husbandry are the yellow rabbit tail, the daur wel, the dried mole, the black lip rat rabbit, the cloth field rat and the mole-shaped field rat.
In addition, rats are potential hosts of epidemic infectious diseases, directly threatening the safety of livestock. Rats have lifelong growth teeth, with strong bite power, they can also do great harm to agricultural buildings and some farmland water conservancy facilities.
The geographical differences of rat disease in China are significant, and the common rat-infested areas are:
(1) The humidity hazard zone of eastern Asia: including most of the Northeast, North and Southwest regions, east and south China. The natural conditions of this area are superior, the agricultural development has a long history, is the main agricultural area in China. To brown house mouse, small house mouse, etc.
(2) Drought-tolerant rat hazard zone s: including most of northwest China, most of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, as well as the northeast and north China's edge. The precipitation in this area is low and the climate is arid. To small house mice, hamrats and so on.
The main prevention and control methods are:
Biological control is mainly to protect and utilize predators, but also to use non-human and animal-friendly and only deadly risk to rats microbial pathogens. The rodent predators that should be protected include yellow slugs (weasels), Ai tigers (ai) and incense moths (scented moles), foxes, hares, slugs, wild beavers and domestic cats, etc. in birds, such as long-eared dragonflies, short-eared slugs, and vertical belly slugs, and reptiles, which are mainly snakes. To do this, care needs to be taken to protect predators.
Chemical control is mainly to make toxic substances into the body of humans, destroy the normal physiological mechanism of the mouse body and make it poisoned to death. The effect of this method is fast, easy to use, widely used in large areas of rodent eradication can temporarily reduce the density of rats and control the harm to a minimum. The disadvantage is that some highly toxic pesticides can cause secondary or even three poisonings, resulting in a decreasing number of rat predators and the destruction of ecological balance: in the wrong use will also pollute the environment, endangering the health of livestock, poultry and people. The intestinal poisons in commonly used drugs are zinc phosphate, rodenticide, sodium salt of enemy rats, etc.: fumigation poisons have chlorinated bitter, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen phosphate and so on. Dalong (Bromine-les-rat-killing fan) rat-killing agent is particularly effective in farm rat killing.
Physical control mainly uses equipment to kill rats. Mostly used in warehouses, livestock houses, wild animal survey, etc., commonly used equipment are rat crickets, rat cages, rope sets, pressure plates, flooding, assassination and so on. The current rat is slow and is often used as an auxiliary tool.
Ecological control is mainly to destroy and change the appropriate living conditions and environment of rats, so that it is not conducive to the habitation and reproduction of rodents, and increase their mortality. Common field measures include rational planning of cultivated land, intensive farming, rapid harvesting, reduction of fields and the eradication of weeds, winter irrigation and regular palletizing. Indoor measures include the installation of rat-proof facilities to keep food, the cutting off of rat food, frequent cleaning and changing the location of some items, the immediate destruction and clogging of rat nests.
In addition, infertility agents and animal hormones and ultrasound rodent sage methods have also begun to be tested. China also uses rat exoplanets such as urine as sexual lures, and works with bait or other rat-trapping tools to kill rats.
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