Smallpox is a potent infectious disease caused by smallpox virus, which is harmful to human beings due to its rapid and fierce infection and high mortality. Smallpox virus has strong vitality in vitro, so it is easy to spread through contaminated clothing, food, toys, dust and so on. The virus invades the human body through the respiratory mucosa, and forms a viral blood symptom after entering the blood. It spreads to various organs and tissues throughout the body, mainly manifested as severe symptoms of systemic poisoning and skin rashes, papules, herpes, pustules and other rashes. Infected with variola virus after 10 to 14 days of incubation period, often leaving scars. Those who have suffered from smallpox such as survivors can receive lifelong immunity. Human beings have not only suffered from the disaster caused by the virus, but also invented immune technology in the struggle. After 1960, smallpox stopped spreading in our country. In 1980, the World Health Organization announced that smallpox has been completely eliminated in the world.
Smallpox was first popularized in human society, and it has been at least 3,000 years old, which has been confirmed by archaeologists. From the face, neck and shoulders of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Ramses V, who died in 1157 BC, they found the ugly appearance of the genus caused by smallpox and the rash. According to archaeologists and ancient pathologists, this is the earliest case of smallpox found in human history. They concluded that it was possible that as early as 1161 BC, smallpox began to attack Egypt. The plague introduced by Egypt in 430 BC, some people speculated that it was smallpox. American medical history expert Howard Michael believes: "About 60% of the population in the ancient world of BC was threatened by smallpox, and a quarter of infected people would die. Most survivors would be blind or leave scars." Around 1000 BC, traders brought smallpox from Egypt to India: Later, many researchers, according to Ge Hong’s "Ember in the Elbow Reserve", "killed by Jianwu in Nanyang, it is a snoring." In this sentence, it is inferred that the smallpox was passed down to China in the first century AD. Soon after the introduction of smallpox into ancient China, the once ancient Roman empire was passed down in the 2nd and 3rd centuries because of the ravages of smallpox, which could not be contained. As a result, in the 4th century, there were more signs of infection in smallpox in China: In the 6th century, the smallpox came from Japan to Japan via North Korea: in the 11th and 12th centuries, the crusaders who returned to China after the Eastern Expedition spread the smallpox in Europe, which led to the spread of smallpox in medieval Europe. Inflicted 10% of the deaths of the residents: and by the end of 1519, the smallpox with the Spaniards crossed the Atlantic into the "new world" - the American continent, and by the end of the 16th century, the population of the Americas was estimated to have just exceeded 1 million: 16th-18th century The number of people who die each year from smallpox is about 500,000 in Europe and about 800,000 in Asia. The total number of small-scale smallpox in Europe in the 18th century is about 150 million. In the 18th century, smallpox reached the end of the world. A country that has not yet been ravaged by it kills 50% of the indigenous people: in the 19th and 20th centuries, the smallpox is still rampant, and this situation continues until the 20th century. Leaves.
The vaccination of human pox became a favorable guarantee for the Americans in the mid-18th century to win the war. According to statistics, the number of people killed in bullets in war is far lower than the number of people who die from diseases. Smallpox is the most common disease in the US military with the highest number of deaths. In 1776, American Adams issued a desperate sigh in Philadelphia: "Small ceilings, what can we do for you? I only pray for a pox hospital in every city in New England. In the same year, General Sullivan said in a report to the President of Washington: "We are unable to perform the task, because in some legions, all the soldiers are suffering from smallpox." From these events, it can be seen that until the 18th century the horror of smallpox is still terrifying, and human vaccination has become the main means of fighting against smallpox in this period.
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