The emergency mechanism for disaster management is an important guarantee for reducing the loss of disaster as well as improving the emergency ability. The mechanism mainly includes following aspects: monitoring and early warning mechanism, rapid response mechanism, command linkage mechanism, information dissemination and dredging mechanism, protection mechanism for emergency natural disaster, social mobilization and participation mechanism, post-disaster recovery and reconstruction mechanism.
The application of new technology provides a strong guarantee for the work of disaster prevention and mitigation. For example, remote sensing image and aerial photograph recognition serves as an important method applied to disaster investigation and assessment in recent years. Remote sensing monitoring can cover the affected areas in a large range with a high spatial and temporal resolution. There are two major aspects in the remote sensing monitoring and evaluation: one is the scope of those areas that disaster affected, which gave this method a full paly in drought, flood, snowstorm sand storm, big fires in forest and prairie, marine disaster, insect pest and some other disasters which spread a wide range and have been restricted by the geographical environment; two is track and evaluate the loss of the affected object in some serious areas. For example, it can monitor some major hazards, such as earthquake disaster, landslide, and mud-rock flow, and evaluate the collapsed houses during the earthquake, merged with surveying some secondary disaster. In general, the housing collapse damage, infrastructure destruction of disaster can be monitored and analyzed through those high resolution images. There are many advantages of remote sensing technology, such as the wide range of monitoring, real-time and efficient. However, it can also be seriously affected by weather conditions, and the cost for data is rather expensive with a complex process. What’s more take the complexity of disaster’s information into consideration, it will be hard to realize those functions, such as prediction, monitoring and assessment of disasters by solely relying on the remote sensing technology. Therefore, it is important to closely combine this technology with ground observation data and background database, in order to achieve the integration of RS, GIS, GPS and some technologies, putting remote sensing technology into the disaster relief work efficiently and providing information and technical support for disaster relief decision-making.
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