The broad-leaved forests are distributed mainly over northwest, north and east, the representativeness are Daxing'anling Mountains, Xiaoxing'anling Mountains and Changbai Mountains. The area is 37 million 330 thousand hectares, so they are famous forestry base in our country known as the "Pine Township" and "Linhai". Eastern Mountains is Changbai flora, represented by Pinus koraiensis and distributed of red pine, fir, maple, birch and other species. Northern Daxing'anling is Dhari flora, distributed of Larix gmelini and Pinus sylvestris. Western Hulunbeier is Mongolian flora, distributed of Stipa, Hermitage grass and other miscellaneous grass-based. There are 26.67 million hectares grassland on both sides of the western and Daxing'anling Mountains, in which located in Qi Laotu Mountains and Nulu Erhu Mountains, the mountains are mostly barren and bald, the forests is rare, soil erosion is serious, ecological environment is poor, so the region is suffered by sandstorms severely.
The mountains are mainly distributed in brown forest soil, and the plains are distributed in black soil, chernozem and meadow soil, in which the fertility is high and suitable for growth of crops. The saline soil is distributed in the western part of Songnen Plain, marsh and wetland are distributed in Sanjiang Plain, and the coastal area has a large area of reeds and swamps. Recently, a wide range of shelterbelts have playing a very good role to prevent sand and protect agriculture and animal husbandry, which are planted in the western region.
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