Vatican City State (Latin: status civitatis vaticanae; Italian: stato della citt à del Vaticano), abbreviated as Vatican or Vatican City, is an independent sovereign state, because it borders Italy on all sides, so called "Country in countries". It is also the center of Catholicism in the world, the seat of the Holy See headed by the Pope. The Vatican is an inland City-State located in the highlands of the northwest corner of Rome, the capital of Italy, it is the seat of the Holy See of the Catholic supreme authority and the residence of the Pope. In short, the Vatican City is the capital of the Vatican, that is, the state, so it is called "city state". As the belief center of one sixth of the world's population, the Vatican is also one of the countries with the smallest territory and the least population in the world. Since 1929, it was established as a sovereign state by the Treaty of Lateran. it accepted the direct rule of the Holy See and implemented the political system of the unity of religion and politics.
Since most of the organs of the Holy See, the administrative organ of the Holy See, are located in the Vatican City, people may refer to the Vatican City State, the Vatican area, the Holy See, or the residence of the Pope, depending on the occasion of its use. Although the Vatican has no laws on the official language, Italian is the most commonly used language. Before 2002, the Vatican often used Italian lira and Vatican lira as the currency in its territory. After Italy joined the euro area, the Vatican and the European Union signed a special agreement to issue a small amount of coins belonging to the Vatican for circulation and collection. Although the Vatican is a small country geographically, due to its large religious population in the world, the Vatican has the same important influence as the United States, China and Russia in political and cultural fields.
Vatican is located in Europe with geographical coordinates (41 ° 54 ′ 10 ″ N and 12 ° 27 ′ 11 ″ E), it is the smallest country in the world with an area of 0.44 square kilometers. It is located in the Vatican highlands northwest of the capital city of Rome, the territory includes St. Peter's Square, St. Peter's Basilica, the Pope's summer resort (Fort Gandalf) and the Vatican Museum. The territory is roughly triangular, surrounded by walls on three sides, except for St. Peter's Square in the southeast of the city. It is located on the right bank of the Tiber River, with the surrounding walls as the border, in addition, there is a "secret road" from the famous Saint Angel castle to the Vatican City.
Mainly Italian, because it's a city in Italy. Most of the Vatican's citizens are clergy, including bishops, priests, nuns, and the famous Swiss Guard, a volunteer guard dedicated to the Pope. There are about 3000 secular workers who are the main labor force of the Vatican, but none of them live in Vatican City.
