Andorra is a land locked country located at the border of France and Spain in southwest Europe, it was a small buffer country established by Charlemagne empire in the Spanish border area to prevent the moles' harassment in the 9th century.
In 1278, France and Spain entered into a peace treaty, which enjoyed administrative and religious domination over Andorra, both sides had the right to appoint their own representatives and accept symbolic tribute. Since then, conflicts between Spain and France over Andorra have occurred frequently.
The system reform was carried out on January 4, 1982. The executive power was changed from parliament to government. On March 14, 1993, Andorra adopted a new constitution by referendum, it became a sovereign state and was rated as the country with the longest life expectancy in the world.
Andorra's defense is in the hands of France and Spain, at the same time, Andorra's tourism industry is quite developed, and it is also a tax haven.
Andorra is located at the junction of France and Spain in southwest Europe, on the southern slope of the Pyrenees mountains, it is an inland mountain country between Spain and France, it borders France 57 km in the north and Spain 64 km in the south, and one of the four "pocket countries" in Europe, the capital city of Andorra is located at 42 ° 3 'n and 1 ° 31' E.
Andorra has a mountainous climate, most of which are long and cold in winter, with snow accumulated in the mountains for 8 months, and the annual average temperature is 9.9 ℃; Summer is dry and cool, and the precipitation is mainly concentrated in winter. Andorra has many high mountains and canyons with rugged terrain, the whole country is divided by three Y-shaped canyons, the average altitude of Andorra is about 1300 meters, the lowest is 800 meters, and the highest is Coma pedrosa mountain, with an altitude of 2946 meters.
The main mineral resources in Andorra are iron ore, lead and alum; Silver and lead mines have also been found in Encamp village of the country, and slate for construction has been exposed in many parts of the country, in addition, Andorra has discovered agate, Jasper, emerald and colored stone mines.
